listening 6b

Anaesthetic
In former times,people didn't know any anaesthetics. Even the simplest operations caused a lot of pain and suffering. People would prefer to put up with an illness instead of undergoing a surgery.An alternative that was used in place of anaesthetic was alcohol.However it wasn't a safe solution.Alcohol increases bleeding and could have caused death because of blood loss.First anaesthetic to be used was nitrous oxide commonly known as laughing  gas.Before H. David who plucked up the courage to use the gas on himself, it had been considered lethal.David used a gas and unexpectedly nothing happened to him.Moreover, his inflammation cleared up.Although nitrous oxide had been known to science earlier it wasn't used in medicine up until the discovery of it's qualities made by Horace Wells.He discovered it's anaestethics qualities by accident when he was on a show where the gas was presented.The audience was called on a stage in order to inhale nitrous oxide.Wells noticed that one man bashed his leg but he didn't seem to notice it.Wells asked him about the leg.The man was frankly surprised because it turned out that he had actually hurt it.Nitrous oxide proved to be an anaesthetic.Horace Wells decided to perform the first painless tooth extraction.Unfortunately, he didn't use enough nitrous oxide and his patient ended writhing in agony.

Are we too obsessed with fitness??

Personally, I don't think we have become too obsessed with fitness.Nowadays, people often lead sedentary life,they work in offices and don't have many chances to move.This is the reason why some people pay a lot of attention to stay fit and exercise a lot.I think it's a beneficial attitude towards life.Being "obsessed with fitness" helps us to stay in a good shape.Moreover, I don't know many people who would exaggerate.Sometimes it's the girls who always want to be slimmer but generally there are not many people like that ( at least I don't know them).In fact people pay a lot of attention to the amount of calories they consume but I don't consider it an obsession.A lot of products are unhealthy, contain too much fat or sugar.We are forced to check the ingredients in products we buy.In today's world we have to think about what we eat and about exercising.Some time ago sweets were rare and the diet was healthier.The obesity wasn't a problem.Nowadays, we have to look after ourselves and I don't perceive it as something negative that people try to be fit and healthy.It goes without saying,that common sense is irreplaceable and we should have everything under control.All the things in life should be balanced.The real obsession may cause anorexia and bulimia - dangerous, life threatening diseases of XXI century.
To sum up, in my opinion we are not too obsessed with fitness excluding some extreme cases.Moreover,these days we should be concerned about our health and body condition, because it's sometimes hard to lead a healthy life style.People always prefer to live comfortably and it's usually not beneficial for our health.

different ways of spending free time

From different activities, which were mentioned in our English book, for me the best sounds a meal in a posh restaurant.I enjoy good food and eating gives me a  big pleasure.Personally I think it's one of the best things in life.It's a very hedonistic attitude towards life but still there aren't many things better than good food.Moreover, it's a meal in a posh restaurant so probably it would be delicious and the atmosphere would also be nice.I guess I would really appreciate such a meal.We don't often have a chance to eat in a restaurant because it's expensive and takes much more time than eating at home.On the other hand, you don't have to cook and you have everything served, what is a nice change,too.
The second thing I would choose would be a day on a hot sunny beach.First of all, I love sun, summer and holidays.All together gives me a great mood and makes me feel wonderful.It' s very relaxing to lie on a beach, on a towel or on a blanket,you can go swimming or play beach volleyball with friends.You can read books and magazines.Generally speaking - you do what you want and get a suntan at the same time.These lazy holiday days on a beach are the ones of my favorite days in a year.
The last thing I would choose is a competitive sporting activity.I don't like to compete with anybody.I've never liked races or any other kinds of competitions.I am ambitious and I strive to be the best as I can but I don't have a need to prove that or show.I work for myself and my satisfaction.However, I really like playing team games like volleyball or basketball and different sports but I don't perceive them as competitive sporting activities but great fun.What I understand through competitive activity is a race or other activities which show who is better.I used to swim and I have never liked swimming competitions because they were very stressful for me.

Good and bad sides of owning a crocodile.

            There are a lot of people who like pets and want to have a cute puppy or a kitten at home.You can always cuddle to a soft fur.How about having a pet like a crocodile?Owning a crocodile has it's good and bad sides.
           Firstly,this kind of a "pet" is very original and enables us to show off.It may be a good start to engage a conversation or strike up acquaintances.People will consider you an uncommon and remarkable person.You may become famous for having such a reptile.Media can become interested in you and your crocodile may give you a chance to become popular.
           Secondly,it's an extremely interesting experience to have a crocodile.You need to feed it with meat,walk it and play with it(!) It's a pet that you don't get bored with.It's a dangerous meat-eater and you always have to be careful while taking care of it.
            On the other hand,owning a crocodile has disadvantages:it's very expensive to support.It's sustenance is pricey and this big animal eats a lot.Moreover,it would be really costly to bring it to the vet.It would also be at high price to provide it a terrarium.
             Another drawback is that the crocodile will not necessarily be happy.A wild animal needs conditions at least similar to these at large.It needs a lot of space and we aren't able to ensure it.It also needs a high air temperature and some of the elements of it's natural environment to feel good.
            Owning a crocodile has it's pros and cons.Although it's an original and interesting animal it is also very costly to support and the crocodile may be very unhappy not to live in it's natural environment.

sex discimination stories:)

A STORY OF A MAN WHO WAS DISMISSED
A man was working as a male secretary in 1970's.At that time it was even rarer for a man to hold such an office than it is now.The man was studing at the univeristy and only tempred in the company during summer holidays.One day he was told that he's no longer needed because they had decided to employ a woman instead of him.The reason of this decision was simple: it's better for company's image,a woman working at a front desk makes a better impression.He could have fought for his laws but he was youh,unexperienced and green so it didn't occurred to him.However after some time it dawned on him that sex discrimanation doesn't refer only to women.It also works the other way.He is convinced that organisation which deal with sexual discrimination are very important.
A STORY OF A BOSS WHO GOT CHEATED
This man claims that it's true that we need laws in the matter of sexual discrimination but the laws we have aren't properly balanced.He says he has to be very careful not to get accussed of sexual discrimination.When he promotes a man,the next day come the women and complain that they didn't get promoted "of course because that they're women''.The problem is that people use their laws in a dishonest and wrong way.Once there was a situation when a woman came for a job interview.She hid the fact that she was pregnant.The next day,after she had gotten the job, she told him that she's preganant.Women aren't always fair in relation to their superiors.

equality in a relationship

Although we live in a XXI century women and men still aren't equal.We often hear about sexual discrimination.Equality between men and women, for me, means, first of all, sharing domestic choirs.Housework shouldn't belong only to a woman but both partners should take care of their house in the same degree.A husband shouldn't support his wife - she is also able to work and earn money.This way she won't feel worse and won't be indebted to him.Moreover,not only a woman takes care of children but a man should also feel the responsibility for children's upbringing.Often men think that they can spend time on their hobbies or watching matches with pals while a woman cleans,cooks,irons,does the laundry and generally domestic workload.A woman should also have time for herself, for self-developing and favorite activities.Men often want their women to sit at home,be 24/7 to their disposal and want to have a constant control of them.They should remember that their wife is an individual person.I think all those things lead to an equality in a relationship.What is also important we shouldn't think that one sex may be better than the other.Although we differ a lot,nobody is worse than somebody else.Women and men complement one another.

factors of career success

BACKGROUND:
-FINANCIAL BACKING: Necessary when you aim to start your own business and very useful during any type of a career.It enables you surviving difficult situations, ups and downs of your career path.It makes you look more serious and important in business world,others take you into an account.Sometimes you need to invest a lot of money and be patient if you want to get a profit.
-QUALIFICATIONS: People look for employers with qualifications, who can do their job properly.They want people who will be good at what they do.They know they won't have as much problems with people who are well prepared for their job.
PEOPLE SKILLS:
-POSITIVE IMAGE: When someone makes a good impression than it's easier for such a person to find a job or to source suppliers while starting your own business.The positive image helps in social relations and people take to you, what also may be really helpful.Moreover it's significant in jobs,which require a contact with a customer.
-HAVING CONTACT WITH SUPERIORS: You need to get along with superiors because they decide about your career.They may promote you or fire you,may increase your wage or cut it.If they like you,they won't exploit you.
OTHER PERSONAL QUALITIES:
-AMBITION: Ambitious people have high aspirations,know what they want and constantly pursue their goals.They aim at being better and better in what they do.They usually achieve their objects because of their persistence.
-FORESIGHT: A skill useful in many aspects of life is especially significant  in our job career.It's beneficial to predict things while setting up own business to know what to invest in..We need to foresee the consequences.Moreover it's irreplaceable when we have something to do with economics, stock market and other risky branches.

snowbone

Snowbone has been designed by a guy called Nick.It's aimed for people in age of about 16 - 25.It consists of a board and attached handlebars to it.Sliding a snowbone is an extreme sport,it's target market are mainly young people.How did it all begin??At first Nick and Paddy went to an audition for Dragon's den program.They were told to hang some time around because they didn't know the exact time of an audition.Nick and Paddy didn't know what to expect.After some time they went to make-up and to pitch their idea in front of a jury.Next to every person in jury were piles of cash.It was very nerve wrecking for both of them,they were toing and froing and everything took a long time, but fortunately one chap got interested in their project and decided to help them.They discussed their business with her.They told her how much they are after and other business stuff.Rachel took to them.She decided to invest and they struck a deal.Nothing was easy,there were setbacks and problems but finally they managed to source suppliers and manufacture their product.They were on cloud nine when they got the credibility and the business started to work.Nick and Paddy were always plugging away and had a great perseverance and these things were keys to their success.

working for somebody vs being a boss

Everything has advantages and disadvantages.Personally I think I would prefer to work for somebody instead of being a boss.There's no such a great responsibility when you work for someone.You do your job and don't care about anything when you come back home (of course it also depends on the job and your boss).If you have good relations with him than the atmosphere during work would be good and working would be bearable.In my opinion working for somebody doesn't cause so much stress as working on your own.For me, job can't be stressful, I can earn less but I don't won't to stress or feel a constant pressure.If the boss was impolite or too demanding,working as an employee could change into a nightmare.So as I said,everything depends on circumstances.